source: http://image.baidu.com/i?tn=baiduimage&ct=201326592&lm=-1&cl=2&nc=1&word=%E9%9D%92%E8%97%8F%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE&ie=utf-8
(2)These two pictures are images taken from Tibetan Plateau. (historic and present)
(3) According to the modern theory of plate tectonics, their formation is a result of a continential collison or orogeny along the convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. Having acquired the clear geological evidence from Himalayas, archaeologists thinks the plateau used to be a vast expanse of ocean, with a great diversity of fish and anthropod living inside. However, one movement has changed everything. The collision began in the Upper Cretaceous period about 70 million years ago, when the north-moving Indo-Australian Plate collided with the Eurasian Plate. About 50 million years ago, this fast moving Indo-Australian plate had completely closed the Tethys Ocean, the existence of which has been determined by sedimentary rocks, settled on the ocean floor, and the volcanoes that fringed its edges. Since these sediments were light, they crumpled into mountain ranges rather than sinking to the floor. The Indo-Australian plate continues to be driven horizontally below the Tibetan Plateau, which forces the plateau to move upwards. However, the plateau is still rising about 5 mm per year, creating the plateau ecosystem.
------cited from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau
(4)
The Tibetan plateau has a very small human history
as it is nearly impossible to settle and is one of the most remote and extreme
places on earth, so they chose to live in a nomadic life (Nomads on the Tibetan
Plateau and in the Hmalayas are the remainders of nomadic practices
historically.) Their presence was made possible by the adaptation of nomadic
people to survive on the world's grassland
by raising livestock rather than crops which are unsuitable to the terrain.
(5) The future of the plateau is worring. The
signs of global warming have clearly alerted human that something bad will happen if no
direct action has been taken immediately. According to the Chinese National
report, geological disasters like flood and mud-rock flow will occur more and
more often, destroying wildlife and bring about a great loss in economy.
(6)
In
order to maintain the diversity of Tibetan plateau, we have to strictly
complete following 3 steps. 1. We have to promote water loss and water run off
control. 2. Working on the control of environmental contamination and
pollution, trying to give local plateau back their paradise. 3. We should
develop our prediction for natural disaster so that efficient action can be put
into effect right away.
----cited from http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/388555552.html
(7)prediction:
The Tibetan Plateau contains the world's third-largest store of ice. Qin Dahe, the former head of the China Meteorological Administration, said that the recent fast pace of melting and warmer temperatures will be good for agriculture and tourism in the short term; but issued a strong warning:"Temperatures are rising four times faster than elsewhere in China, and the Tibetan glaciers are retreating at a higher speed than in any other part of the world." "In the short term, this will cause lakes to expand and bring floods and mudflows." "In the long run, the glaciers are vital lifelines for Asian rivers, including the Indus and the Ganges. Once they vanish, water supplies in those regions will be in peril.
date&support
1.^ Matthias Kuhle (1998): New Findings on the Inland Glaciation of Tibet from South and Central West Tibet with Evidences for its Importance as an Ice Age Trigger. Himalayan Geology 19 (2, The role of the Tibetan Plateau in forcing global climatic changes, Ed: Tandon, O.P.), 3-22.
2.^ Matthias Kuhle (1998): The Ice Age Glaciation of East-Pamir (36°40'-39°10'N/74°40'-76°10'E). In: Karakorum - Hindukush - Himalaya: Dynamics of Change. Culture Area Karakorum, Scientific Studies 4/1. (Ed: Stellrecht, I.) Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, Köln, 29-47.
3.^ Matthias Kuhle (2002): Outlet glaciers of the Pleistocene (LGM) south Tibetan ice sheet between Cho Oyu and Shisha Pangma as potential sources of former mega-floods. In: Flood and Megaflood Processes and Deposits: Recent and Ancient Examples. Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists (IAS). Vol. 32. (Eds: Martini, P.; Baker, V.R.; Garzón, G.) Blackwell Science, Oxford, 291-302.
4.^ Matthias Kuhle (2004): Past glacier (Würmian) ice thickness in the Karakoram and on the Deosai Plateau in the catchment area of the Indus river. E&G Quaternary Science Journal (Eiszeitalter u. Gegenwart) 54, 95-123.
5.^ Matthias Kuhle (2005): Glacial geomorphology and ice ages in Tibet and surrounding mountains. The Island Arc 14 (4), 346-367, Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.
6.^ Matthias Kuhle (2005): The maximum Ice Age (Würmian, Last Ice Age, LGM) glaciation of the Himalaya- a glaciogeomorphological investigation of glacier trim-lines, ice thicknesses and lowest former ice margin positions in the Mt. Everest-Makalu-Cho Oyu massifs (Khumbu and Khumbakarna Himal) including informations on late-glacial, neoglacial and historical glacier stages, their snow-line depressions and ages. GeoJournal 62 No.3-4 (Tibet and High Asia VII: Glaciogeomorphology and Former Glaciation in the Himalaya and Karakorum), 191-650.
7.^ Matthias Kuhle (2007): Critical Approach to the Methods of Glacier Reconstruction in High Asia (Qinghai-Xizang Tibet) Plateau, West Sichuan Plateau, Himalaya, Karakorum, Pamir, Kuenlun, Tienshan) and discussion of the probability of a Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) inland ice. Journal of Mountain Science Vol.4 No.2, 91-123.
8/^ Matthias Kuhle(2007(erschienen 2008)): The Pleistocene Glaciation (LGP and pre-LGP, pre-LGM) of SE-Iranian Mountains exemplified by the Kuh-i-Jupar, Kuh-i-Lalezar and Kuh-i-Hezar Massifs in the Zagros. Polarforschung 77 (2-3), 71-88 (Erratum/ Clarification Figur 15 betreffend: Vol. 78 (1-2), 83, 2008 [erschienen 2009]).
9.^ Matthias Kuhle (2008): Correspondence to-online-edition (doi.10.1016/jj.quascirev.2007.09.015 Elsevier) of Quaternary Science Reviews (QSR) article "Quaternary glacier history of the Central Karakorum" by Yeong Bae Seong et al. In: Quaternary Science Reviews, Volume 27, S. 1655-1656.
-----cited from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Plateausource list:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau
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